Lymphadenitis (lymph node infection, lymph gland infection, localized lymphadenopathy) is an infection of the lymph nodes (likewise called lymph glands). It is a common issue of certain bacterial infections.
Lymphadenitis is the inflammation or enhancement of a lymph node. Lymph nodes are little, ovoid nodules usually ranging in size from a few millimeters to 2 cm. They are dispersed in clusters along the course of lymphatic vessels located throughout the body. The primary function of lymph nodes is to filter out microbes and abnormal cells that have actually gathered in lymph fluid.
What Causes Infected Lymph Nodes
The lymph system (lymphatics) is a network of lymph nodes, lymph ducts, lymph vessels, and organs that produce and move a fluid called lymph from tissues to the blood stream.
The lymph glands, or lymph nodes, are little structures that filter the lymph fluid. There are numerous leukocyte in the lymph nodes to help fight infection.
Lymphadenitis occurs when the glands end up being enlarged by swelling (inflammation), frequently in reaction to bacteria, infections, or fungi. The swollen glands are generally found near the site of an infection, growth, or inflammation.
Lymphadenitis might happen after skin infections or other infections triggered by bacteria such as streptococcus or staphylococcus. Often it is caused by uncommon infections such as tuberculosis or cat scratch disease (Bartonella).
Symptoms of Lymphadenitis
Symptoms might include:
- Red, tender skin over lymph node
- Swollen, tender, or difficult lymph nodes
Lymph nodes may feel rubbery if an abscess (pocket of pus) has actually formed or they have ended up being irritated.
Exams and Tests
The healthcare provider will perform a physical exam. This consists of feeling your lymph nodes and trying to find signs of injury or infection around any swollen lymph nodes.
A biopsy and culture of the afflicted area or node might reveal the cause of the inflammation. Blood cultures may reveal spread of infection to the blood stream.
Treatment Options for Infected Lymph Nodes
Lymphadenitis might spread out within hours. Treatment should begin right now.
Treatment may include:
- Antibiotics to treat any infection
- Analgesics (painkillers) to manage pain
- Anti-inflammatory medicines to lower inflammation
- Cool compresses to decrease inflammation and pain
Surgery may be needed to drain an abscess.
Outlook (Prognosis)
Trigger treatment with antibiotics typically causes a total recovery. It might take weeks, or even months, for swelling to disappear.
Possible Complications
Unattended lymphadenitis might lead to:.
- Abscess development.
- Cellulitis (a skin infection).
- Fistulas (seen in lymphadenitis that is due to tuberculosis).
- Sepsis (blood stream infection).
When to Contact a Medical Professional
Call your company or go to the emergency room if you have symptoms of lymphadenitis.
Lymphadenitis Prevention
Good general health and hygiene are valuable in the prevention of any infection.
